slavery in pennsylvania

Delaware County slaveholders i-n

slaveholders and enslaved persons listed on this page
Click on a slaveholder name to go to the first listing for that slaveholder.

1. Johnson, Samuel (Enslaved persons:  Dinah, Sall, Jem, Joe, Peter)
2. Knowles, John (Enslaved persons:  Scipio, Parthena, Fanny, Tabitha, Jane)
3. Leves, Thomas (Enslaved persons:  Sipio)
4. Levis, John, Senior (Enslaved persons:  Essex, Frank, Harry, Milford)
5. Levis, Samuel (Enslaved persons:  James Knox, Flora Knox)
6. Lewis, Harvey (Enslaved persons:  James, Hannah)
7. Lindsey, John (Enslaved persons:  Un-named girl)
8. Lownes, George (Enslaved persons:  Tom, Hannah, Andrew)
9. Magoogan, Robert (Enslaved persons:  Un-named child)
10. Maris, Isaac (Enslaved persons:  Bet)
11. Matthews, Boaz (Enslaved persons:  Cesar)
12. Miller, John (Enslaved persons:  Jesse)
13. Morton, John (Enslaved persons:  George, Dinah, Hannah, un-named female child)
14. Morton, Morton (Enslaved persons:  Ceaser, Liz, Annias, Samuel, John, Jacob, Sarah, Peter)
15. Morton, Sketchley (Enslaved persons:  Jeffrey)

enslavement data

• Slaveholder Name: Johnson, Samuel
  City or Township:  Haverford Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Farmer
  Notes: The five slaves of Samuel Johnson were listed on page 4 of the 1780 Register.

  1. Slave Name: Dinah
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 45
     Slave Date of Birth: 1735 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro woman"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A negro woman named Dinah aged forty five years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780.
     Source: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  2. Slave Name: Sall
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 14
     Slave Date of Birth: 1766 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro girl"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A negro girl named Sall aged fourteen years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780.
     Source: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  3. Slave Name: Jem
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 8
     Slave Date of Birth: 1772 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "mulatto Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A mulatto Boy named Jem aged eight years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780.
     Source: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  4. Slave Name: Joe
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 5 1/2 years
     Slave Date of Birth: May 1775 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "mulatto Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A mulatto Boy named Joe aged five and a half years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780.
     Source: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  5. Slave Name: Peter
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 2 years
     Slave Date of Birth: 1778 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "mulatto Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A mulatto Boy named Peter aged two years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780.
     Source: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Knowles, John
  City or Township:  Ridley Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation:
  Notes: The slaves of John Knowles, deceased, are listed on page 34 of the 1780 register. The executor of John Knowles' estate was John Crozer.

  1. Slave Name: Scipio
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 25
     Slave Date of Birth: 1755 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy Man"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A negro Boy Man named Scipio aged twenty five years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  2. Slave Name: Parthena
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 41
     Slave Date of Birth: 1739 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Woman"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A negro Woman named Parthena aged forty one years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  3. Slave Name: Fanny
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 14a
     Slave Date of Birth: 1766 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro girl"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro girl named Fanny aged about fourteen years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  4. Slave Name: Tabitha
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 11
     Slave Date of Birth: 1769 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro girl"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro girl named Tabitha aged eleven years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  5. Slave Name: Jane
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 8
     Slave Date of Birth: 1772 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro girl"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro girl named Jane aged eight years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Leves, Thomas
  City or Township:  Springfield Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Esquire
  Notes: The slave of Thomas Leves is listed on page 17 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: Sipio
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 16
     Slave Date of Birth: 1764 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro Boy named Sipio aged sixteen years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Source: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Levis, John, Senior
  City or Township:  Springfield Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Yeoman
  Notes: The slaves of John Levis are listed on page 49 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: Essex
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 12
     Slave Date of Birth: 1768 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro Boy named Essex aged twelve years a slave for Life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  2. Slave Name: Frank
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 10
     Slave Date of Birth: 1770 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro Boy named Frank aged ten years a slave for Life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  3. Slave Name: Harry
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 6
     Slave Date of Birth: 1774 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro Boy named Harry aged six years a slave for Life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  4. Slave Name: Milford
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 4
     Slave Date of Birth: 1776 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro Boy named Milford aged four years a slave for Life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Levis, Samuel
  City or Township:  Springfield Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Papermaker
  Notes: The slaves of Samuel Levis are listed on page 47 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: James Knox
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 18
     Slave Date of Birth: 1762 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro Boy named James Knox aged Eighteen years a slave for Life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  2. Slave Name: Flora Knox
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 10
     Slave Date of Birth: 1770 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro girl"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro girl named Flora Knox aged ten years a slave for Life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Lewis, Harvey
  City or Township:  Ridley Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Yeoman
  Notes: The slaves of Harvey Lewis are listed on page 51 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: James
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 21
     Slave Date of Birth: 1759 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave to the age of thirty one years
     Slave Description: "Negro servant Man"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro servant Man till he attains the age of thirty one years named James aged twenty one years."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  2. Slave Name: Hannah
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 16
     Slave Date of Birth: 1764 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave to the age of thirty one years
     Slave Description: "Negro servant Girl"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro servant Girl till she attains the age of thirty one years named Hannah aged Sixteen Years."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Lindsey, John
  City or Township:  Haverford Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Farmer
  Notes: The slave of John Lindsey is listed on page 23 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: No name recorded
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 7
     Slave Date of Birth: 1773 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro girl"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A negro girl named _____ aged seven years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Lownes, George
  City or Township:  Springfield Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Cutler
  Notes: The slaves Tom and Hannah are listed on page 50 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: Tom
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 27
     Slave Date of Birth: 1753 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave to the age of thirty one years old
     Slave Description: "Negro man"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro man named Tom aged twenty seven years a servant till he attains the age of thirty one years."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  2. Slave Name: Hannah
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 19
     Slave Date of Birth: 1761 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave to the age of thirty one years old
     Slave Description: "Negro woman"
     Slave Notes: Registered as: "A Negro woman named Hannah aged Nineteen Years a servant till he attains the age of thirty one Years."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  3. Slave Name: Andrew
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: Age not stated
     Slave Date of Birth:
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Mulatto"
     Slave Notes: George Lownes twice petitioned the Court of Quarter Sessions for relief in the case of Andrew for "runaway troubles and expenses."
     Date of Record: August 27, 1728; May 25, 1736
     Source: Chester County Archives, "Indentured Servant and Apprentice Records, 1700-1855," RG-4100.038, pages 24, 107-108.

• Slaveholder Name: Magoogan, Robert
  City or Township:  Havorford Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Farmer
  Notes: Magoogan's slave was listed on page 3 of the 1780 register. Historian Henry Ashmead spells this surname as "Magorgan."

  1. Slave Name: Name not given
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 6 months old
     Slave Date of Birth: May 1780 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave to the age of 31
     Slave Description: "mullatto servant child"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A mullatto servant child till he attains the age of thirty one years named ____ Aged six months."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Maris, Isaac
  City or Township:  Marlborough Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Yeoman
  Notes: Maris' slave was listed on page 4 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: Bet
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 17
     Slave Date of Birth: 1763 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro wench"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A negro wench named Bet aged seventeen years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Matthews, Boaz
  City or Township:  Upper Darby Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Blacksmith
  Notes: Boaz Matthew's slave was listed on page 13 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: Cesar
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 37
     Slave Date of Birth: 1743 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro man"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A negro man named Cesar aged thirty seven years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Miller, John
  City or Township:  Tinicum Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Yeoman
  Notes: John Miller's slave is listed on page 34 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: Jesse
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 13
     Slave Date of Birth: 1767 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A negro Boy named Jesse aged thirteen years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Morton, John
  City or Township:  Ridley Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Farmer
  Notes: John Morton's slaves are recorded on page 24 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: George
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 52
     Slave Date of Birth: 1728 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro man"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A negro man named George aged fifty two years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  2. Slave Name: Dinah
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 47
     Slave Date of Birth: 1733 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro woman"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A negro woman named Dinah aged forty seven years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  3. Slave Name: Hannah
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 7
     Slave Date of Birth: 1773 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Girl"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A Negro Girl named Hannah aged seven years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  4. Slave Name: No name recorded
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 1
     Slave Date of Birth: 1779 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Female negro Child"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A female negro Child named _____ aged one year a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Morton, Morton
  City or Township:  Ridley Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Yeoman
  Notes: Morton Morton's slaves are recorded on page 46 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: Ceaser
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 28
     Slave Date of Birth: 1752 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro man"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A negro man named Ceaser aged twenty eight years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  2. Slave Name: Liz
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: 30
     Slave Date of Birth: 1750 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro woman"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A negro woman named Liz aged thirty years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  3. Slave Name: Annias
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 8
     Slave Date of Birth: 1772 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A Negro Boy named Annias aged eight years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  4. Slave Name: Samuel
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: "aged eight years and seven months"
     Slave Date of Birth: March 1772 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A Negro Boy named Samuel aged eight years and seven months a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  5. Slave Name: John
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: "aged six years and four months"
     Slave Date of Birth: June 1776 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Mulatto Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A mulatto Boy named John aged six years and four months a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  6. Slave Name: Jacob
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: "aged six years and four months"
     Slave Date of Birth: June 1776 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Mulatto Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A mulatto Boy named Jacob aged six years and four months a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  7. Slave Name: Sarah
     Slave Gender: Female
     Slave Age: "aged three years and three months"
     Slave Date of Birth: July 1777 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Mulatto Girl"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A Mulatto Girl named Sarah aged three years and three months a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

  8. Slave Name: Peter
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: "aged one years and ten months"
     Slave Date of Birth: January 1779 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Mulatto Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A mulatto boy named Peter aged one years and ten months a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

• Slaveholder Name: Morton, Sketchley
  City or Township:  Ridley Township
  County: Chester County
  Occupation: Grazier
  Notes: Sketchley Morton's slave is recorded on page 24 of the 1780 register.

  1. Slave Name: Jeffrey
     Slave Gender: Male
     Slave Age: 14
     Slave Date of Birth: 1766 (calculated)
     Slave Status: Slave for life
     Slave Description: "Negro Boy"
     Slave Notes: Registered as "A Negro Boy named Jeffrey aged fourteen years a slave for life."
     Date of Record: November 1, 1780
     Sources: Slave Register, Chester County, November 1, 1780; Henry Graham Ashmead, History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1884, p. 204.

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